In the vast expanse of the Arctic, Greenland stands as a testament to isolation, and is officially the most sparsely populated country on Earth. This vast, icy landmass is home to a mere 56,000 people, making it a remarkable outlier in a world filled with bustling nations and crowded urban centres.
Greenland’s sparse population is rooted in its indigenous history. The Inuit people, the original inhabitants of the island, have a rich cultural heritage that spans thousands of years.
Their ability to adapt to the harsh Arctic environment has allowed them to carve out a unique way of life, blending traditional practices with modern influences.
Despite its small population, Greenland is not an independent nation. It is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark. The story behind Greenland’s ownership by Denmark is a tale of exploration, colonisation, and strategic importance.
In the early 18th century, Denmark established its presence in Greenland through a series of exploratory missions. The famous explorer Erik the Red, who had already settled in Greenland in the 10th century, paved the way for Danish colonisation. Over the years, Danish settlers and missionaries gradually established a stronger foothold on the island.
During World War II, Greenland gained significant strategic importance. The island served as a crucial outpost for monitoring German naval activities in the North Atlantic.
Recognising its geopolitical significance, the United States, in collaboration with Denmark, established air bases in Greenland.
The post-war era saw a shift in global dynamics, with the Cold War heightening the strategic importance of Greenland. The US maintained its military presence on the island through the Cold War years, further solidifying Denmark’s grip on Greenland.
In the latter half of the 20th century, Greenland’s quest for autonomy gained momentum. In 1979, Greenland gained home rule, granting it control over its domestic affairs. Over the years, the territory has expanded its autonomy, managing its own education, health care, and natural resources.
In 2008, Greenland took a significant step toward self-determination when it held a referendum on increased autonomy. The result was an overwhelming vote in favour, paving the way for the transfer of additional powers from Denmark to Greenland.
