An expert submariner from the British Royal Navy, a team of French ROV specialists and more ships and underwater vessels are joining in the urgent search for the missing Titanic submersible across an area roughly two times the size of Connecticut, a Coast Guard official said Wednesday.
“There is an enormous complexity associated with this case, due to the location being so far off shore and the coordination between multiple agencies and nations,” said Capt. Jamie Frederick, the First Coast Guard District response coordinator, in an afternoon press conference.
Frederick said the search area is expanding “exponentially” and the crews were pressing on. “You always have hope,” he said.
The 22-foot submersible was carrying five people in a dive to the wreckage site of the Titanic when it lost contact with a support ship Sunday. Among those aboard are a British adventurer, two members of a Pakistani business family, a Titanic expert and the CEO of OceanGate, the privately owned, Washington-based company that operates the vessel.
Five vessels on the surface are currently searching for the submersible, may have only a day’s supply of oxygen left, and five more are expected to join the search, Frederick said. Underwater, two remotely operated vehicle (ROVs) are actively searching, with “several more” in route, to arrive by Thursday morning, he said. Flights were ongoing throughout the day.
“Although the ROV searches have yielded negative results, they continue,” Frederick said.
The news comes as more information is emerging about experts’ attempts to warn the company that owns the underwater vessel about the perils of its operations. Documents show an OceanGate employee warned there might be safety problems posed by the way the experimental vessel was developed, and leaders in the submersible craft industry told the company its approach to the enterprise could have a “catastrophic” outcome.
A detailed visual look at sub:Maps, graphics show last location, depth and design
OceanGate employee warned company passengers may be in danger
David Lochridge, OceanGate’s director of marine operations, wrote an engineering report in 2018 that said the craft under development needed more testing and that passengers might be endangered when it reached “extreme depths,” according to a lawsuit filed that year in U.S. District Court in Seattle.
OceanGate sued Lochridge that year, accusing him of breaching a non-disclosure agreement, and he filed a counterclaim alleging that he was wrongfully fired for raising questions about testing and safety. The case settled on undisclosed terms several months after it was filed.
Lochridge’s concerns primarily focused on the company’s decision to rely on sensitive acoustic monitoring – cracking or popping sounds made by the hull under pressure – to detect flaws, rather than a scan of the hull. Lochridge said the company told him no equipment existed that could perform such a test on the 5-inch-thick carbon-fiber hull.
— Associated Press
Underwater noises detected in search area
A Canadian aircraft heard “underwater noises in the search area,” the U.S. Coast Guard announced on Twitter early Wednesday. The noises prompted remotely operated vehicle operations to search for the origin of the noises.
“Those ROV searches have yielded negative results but continue,” the Coast Guard said. “Additionally, the data from the P-3 aircraft has been shared with our U.S. Navy experts for further analysis which will be considered in future search plans.”
On CBS This Morning early Wednesday, U.S. Coast Guard First District Commander Rear Adm. John Mauger said there is “a lot of metal and different objects in the water around the site.” He added: “We don’t know the source of that noise, but we’ve shared that information with Navy experts to classify it.”
Three vessels arrived on the scene Wednesday morning, the U.S. Coast Guard said on Twitter. “The John Cabot has side scanning sonar capabilities and is conducting search patterns alongside the Skandi Vinland and the Atlantic Merlin,” the Coast Guard said. Side-scan sonar is used to detect and image objects on the seafloor, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Search crews were facing winds gusts up to 30 mph and ocean swells up to 7 feet, the Coast Guard said.
It’s ‘most people’s biggest fear’:The missing Titanic sub and why we can’t look away
The news came after crews detected “banging” and “acoustic feedback” sounds Tuesday while searching for the Titan submersible, according to an internal memo sent to Department of Homeland Security leadership obtained by Rolling Stone and CNN.
A Canadian aircraft heard the banging sounds every 30 minutes, according to the memo. Additional sonar was deployed and the banging could still be heard four hours later. The internal update did not state what time the banging was heard or exactly how long it lasted.
What does it look like inside the missing submersible?
The missing submersible is about 8 feet high, 9 feet wide, 22 feet long and weighs 23,000 pounds, according to the OceanGate website. Images posted to the website show people seated on the ground in the small, open space with their legs crossed. Science writer David Pogue previously said the vessel has about as much room as a minivan.
Previous versions of the website, accessed by USA TODAY through the Internet Archive, said passengers are advised to “restrict your diet before and during the dive to reduce the likelihood that you will need to use the facilities.” Passengers might assist with a variety of tasks on the submersible, the website says, including sonar operation, taking photos or videos and assisting the pilot with communications between the sub and the surface.
OceanGate operates three five-person submersibles and says it has completed at least 14 expeditions and more than 200 dives in the Pacific, Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, according to the website. Unlike submarines, which are fully autonomous, submersibles have limited power reserves, so they require a support ship that can launch and recover them.
How much oxygen is left in the missing submersible?
Capt. Jamie Frederick of the First Coast Guard District in Boston said the Titan, as the submersible is known, had “about 40 hours of breathable air left” around 1 p.m. ET Tuesday, meaning its oxygen supply could get depleted by Thursday morning.
An underwater robot had started searching in the vicinity of the Titanic, he said, and there was a push to get salvage equipment to the scene in case the sub is found. Besides that, three C-130 aircraft and three C-17 transport planes from the U.S. military have been aiding the search, and the Canadian military said it provided a patrol aircraft and two surface ships.
Red flags raised:Reporter who rode Titanic submarine says there were ‘many red flags’
Still, the remote location − 900 miles east of Cape Cod and up 13,000 feet below sea level − makes the pursuit “an incredibly complex operation,” Frederick said. As of Tuesday, a total of 10,000 square miles had been searched. The Coast Guard in Boston is combing the ocean surface and below water in search of the submersible, using tools including sonar technology and aircraft.
The carbon-fiber submersible had a 96-hour oxygen supply when it went to sea at about 6 a.m. Sunday, according to David Concannon, an adviser to OceanGate Expeditions, the deep-sea exploration company that owns the vessel. The watercraft was lost contact with its support ship, the Canadian research icebreaker Polar Prince, about an hour and 45 minutes after submerging.
Organ failure, hypothermia possible concerns
Dr. Albert Rizzo, chief medical officer of the American Lung Association, said those aboard the submersible would be experiencing organ failure as oxygen levels dip and less of it flows to the brain, leading to weakness, confusion and loss of consciousness. Anxiety, fear, speech and a faster heart rate can increase the amount of oxygen a person uses, he added.
The submersible’s ability to filter out carbon dioxide is also a concerning factor if compromised, said Dr. Alexander Isakov, Emory University emergency medicine physician and a former diving medical officer with the U.S. Navy. Life-threatening hypothermia is a concern, too, he said. The submersible’s ability to maintain a comfortable temperature is essential amid the extreme cold of the ocean’s depths.
— Nada Hassanein
Where could the missing submersible be?
Jim Bellingham, a Johns Hopkins University expert on deep-sea operations, told USA TODAY that there are three possible locations for the submersible: floating on the ocean’s surface after an electrical failure or some other mishap; drifting in the water column − anywhere between the surface and the bottom − because it became buoyantly neutral; or on the sea floor, perhaps tangled with something that won’t let it float to the top.
The first one is by far the best position, Bellingham said, because even though it would be difficult to spot the Titan amid the waves, “the Coast Guard is just awesome at this. They have amazing capability to see something pretty small in the ocean.”
Missing Titanic submersible:Maps, graphics show last location, depth and design
Report: Experts warned OceanGate of ‘catastrophic’ outcome
OceanGate was warned its approach to the enterprise could have a “catastrophic” outcome, according to a 2018 letter written by leaders in the submersible craft industry obtained by The New York Times.
The letter was addressed to OceanGate CEO Stockton Rush − who is on board the current voyage, according to the company − by members of the Marine Technology Society, an organization that advocates for ocean technology and education.
The 30-plus signatories said they were apprehensive about the company’s “experimental” approach to its planned exploration of the Titanic wreckage and about the vessel’s design, believing they could lead to safety problems that would have a negative impact on the industry as a whole.
The letter also says OceanGate’s claim that its watercraft design meets or surpasses safety standards is “misleading to the public and breaches an industry-wide professional code of conduct we all endeavor to uphold.”
Who is on the passenger list of the missing submersible?
- Stockton Rush, 61, CEO of OceanGate who co-founded the company in 2009
- Paul-Henry Nargeolet, 73, a French maritime explorer and Director of Underwater Research Program at Premier Exhibitions, RMS Titanic, Inc, the only company with exclusive rights to recover the artifacts from the Titanic wreck
- Hamish Harding, 58, a British explorer, private jet dealer and chairman of Action Aviation, a global sales company in business aviation
- Shahzada Dawood, 48, a member of one of Pakistan’s most prominent families
- Suleman Dawood, the son of Shahzada Dawood
— Isabelle Butera, USA TODAY
Where is the Titanic wreck located?
The Titanic lies about 370 miles off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada, in the Atlantic Ocean. The submersible was traveling to the wreckage site of the Titanic, which is about 2.4 miles below the surface.
Contributing: Jorge L. Ortiz, Jeanine Santucci, Claire Thornton, Thao Nguyen and Francisco Guzman, USA TODAY
