New research from UC Davis has revealed that having a sense of purpose in life could aid people in living longer and reduce their risk of developing cognitive impairments such as dementia by approximately 28%. Published in The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, the scientists examined people in Blue Zones across the globe, areas known for their longevity.
Aliza Wingo, senior author and professor in the UC Davis Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, stated: “Our findings show that having a sense of purpose helps the brain stay resilient with age. Even for people with a genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease, sense of purpose was linked to a later onset and lower likelihood of developing dementia.”
The study tracked over 13,000 individuals aged 45 and above for up to 15 years. Their cognitive health was monitored with a test every two years throughout the study.
Researchers used a survey to gauge participants’ psychological wellbeing, asking them to express their level of agreement or disagreement with statements like “I am an active person in carrying out the plans I set for myself” and “I have a sense of direction and purpose in my life”.
Having a higher ‘sense of purpose’ provided protective benefits regardless of racial and ethnic groups. Its impact remained significant even when accounting for factors known to influence dementia risk such as depression and the APOE4 gene.
People with a higher sense of purpose could delay cognitive decline by nearly two months on average compared to those with a lower sense of purpose. The researchers highlighted that this is a potential solution free of side effects, unlike the medications that currently offer similar results but come with more risks and costs.
Unlike these medications, having a life purpose is free, safe for everyone and accessible. The study did not investigate what participants felt their life purpose was.
Previous studies have identified a few interactions and activities that contribute to a sense of purpose:
- Relationships: Caring for, spending time with and supporting family, friends and partners
- Work: Continuing professional working, mentoring, volunteering or contributing to community causes
- Spirituality: Religious beliefs and spiritual practices, as well as being involved in faith-based communities
- Personal goals: Pursuing hobbies, learning new skills or setting and achieving personal milestones
- Helping others: Everyday acts of kindness, philanthropy, caregiving or advocacy work
The researchers acknowledged that while the study found a correlation between a lower risk of dementia and a higher sense of purpose, it could not definitively prove that this sense of purpose directly led to the reduced risk. However, they are hopeful that it could pave the way for future research into this intriguing link.
Thomas Wingo, co-author of the study and a professor and neurologist at UC Davis Health, said: “What’s exciting about this study is that people may be able to ‘think’ themselves into better health. Purpose in life is something we can nurture. It’s never too early – or too late – to start thinking about what gives your life meaning.”