The NHS has issued a warning about the prolonged use of co-codamol, a commonly used painkiller taken by millions of people across the UK each year. Tens of millions of prescriptions for co-codamol are issued annually, with pharmacists dispensing an additional 650,000 prescriptions on top of those authorised by GPs.
While doctors and pharmacists normally provide guidance on how long the medication should be taken, the NHS has highlighted risks for people purchasing low-strength co-codamol over the counter. This form of the drug is available from pharmacies without a prescription, making it easier for people to take it without professional supervision.
The NHS guidance states that co-codamol purchased from a pharmacy should not be taken for more than three days. If pain persists beyond this period, people are advised to speak with a pharmacist or GP.
Prolonged use can lead to tolerance, meaning higher doses may be required to achieve the same pain-relieving effect. Some individuals may even develop hyperalgesia, a condition in which the body becomes more sensitive to pain.
In addition to tolerance, there is a risk of addiction due to the codeine component of co-codamol. Codeine is an opioid, and repeated or prolonged use can make the body dependent on it.
To reduce risks, doctors may review doses regularly to ensure patients are taking only what is necessary to manage their pain.
Co-codamol is subject to different regulations around the world. In some countries, the drug is restricted or banned entirely because of its codeine content.
For example, in the United States, codeine is classified as a controlled substance, and co-codamol is not available over the counter. Similar restrictions exist in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and some European countries.
The NHS warning serves as a reminder that even commonly used medications can carry risks if not taken correctly.
People who rely on over-the-counter co-codamol are encouraged to follow the three-day limit and seek professional advice if their pain does not improve.
This guidance is part of a broader effort to ensure the safe use of painkillers and to prevent potential complications from opioid-containing medications.
